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Esculin
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Product Name Esculin
Price: $30 / 20mg
CAS No.: 531-75-9
Catalog No.: CFN99114
Molecular Formula: C15H16O9
Molecular Weight: 340.28 g/mol
Purity: >=98%
Type of Compound: Coumarins
Physical Desc.: White powder
Source: The peels of Aesculus hippocastanum L.
Solvent: DMSO, Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.
Download: COA    MSDS    SDF    Manual
Similar structural: Comparison (Web)  (SDF)
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Related Screening Libraries
Size /Price /Stock 10 mM * 100 uL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
Related Libraries
Biological Activity
Description: Esculin has neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects, it is a plant coumarin compound that occur naturally in dietary plants or when supplemented in the diet probably inhibit the survival of E. coli O157 in the gut. Esculin has protective effects on dopamine(DA)-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Esculin has a protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice, it can inhibit the Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in LPS-induced ALI.
Targets: TNF-α | TLR | NF-kB | ROS | p53 | Bcl-2/Bax | Caspase
In vitro:
Neuropharmacology. 2007 Nov;53(6):724-32
Anti-apoptotic effect of esculin on dopamine-induced cytotoxicity in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line.[Pubmed: 17904593 ]
Dopamine (DA), as a neurotoxin, can elicit severe Parkinson's disease-like syndrome by elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptotic activity.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, we examined the effect of Esculin, which was extracted from Fraxinus sielboldiana blume, on DA-induced cytotoxicity and the underlying mechanism in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Our results suggest that the protective effects of Esculin (10(-7), 10(-6) and 10(-5) M) on DA-induced cytotoxicity may be ascribed to its anti-oxidative properties by reducing ROS level, and its anti-apoptotic effect via protecting mitochondrion membrane potential (DeltaPsim), enhancing superoxide dismutaese (SOD) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and regulating P53, Bax and Bcl-2 expression. In addition, Esculin inhibited the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and the protein expression of activated caspase 3.
CONCLUSIONS:
These data indicate that Esculin may provide a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD).
Plant Physiol . 2018 Oct;178(2):795-807.
The Coumarin Glucoside, Esculin, Reveals Rapid Changes in Phloem-Transport Velocity in Response to Environmental Cues[Pubmed: 30111635]
Abstract The study of phloem transport and its vital roles in long-distance communication and carbon allocation have been hampered by a lack of suitable tools that allow high-throughput, real-time studies. Esculin, a fluorescent coumarin glucoside, is recognized by Suc transporters, including AtSUC2, which loads it into the phloem for translocation to sink tissues. These properties make it an ideal tool for use in live-imaging experiments, where it acts as a surrogate for Suc. Here, we show that Esculin is translocated with a similar efficiency to Suc and, because of its ease of application and detection, demonstrate that it is an ideal tool for in vivo studies of phloem transport. We used Esculin to determine the effect of different environmental cues on the velocity of phloem transport. We provide evidence that fluctuations in cotyledon Suc levels influence phloem velocity rapidly, supporting the pressure-flow model of phloem transport. Under acute changes in light levels, the phloem velocity mirrored changes in the expression of AtSUC2 This observation suggests that under certain environmental conditions, transcriptional regulation may affect the abundance of AtSUC2 and thus regulate the phloem transport velocity.
In vivo:
Inflammation. 2015 Aug;38(4):1529-36.
Esculin Inhibits the Inflammation of LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Via Regulation of TLR/NF-κB Pathways.[Pubmed: 25676436]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory effects of Esculin (ESC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). ALI was induced in mice by intratracheal instillation of LPS, and ESC (20 and 40 mg/kg) was given orally 1 h prior to LPS administration. After 6 h, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected. ESC pretreatment decreased LPS-induced evident lung histopathological changes, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and lung myeloperoxidase activity. In addition, pretreatment with ESC inhibited inflammatory cells and proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in BALF. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ESC inhibited the Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in LPS-induced ALI.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results indicated that the ESC had a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI in mice.
Br J Nutr. 2004 May;91(5):749-55.
Effects of esculin and esculetin on the survival of Escherichia coli O157 in human faecal slurries, continuous-flow simulations of the rumen and colon and in calves.[Pubmed: 15137927]
The human pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 is thought to be spread by direct or indirect contact with infected animal or human faeces.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The present study investigated the effects of the plant coumarin Esculin and its aglycone esculetin on the survival of a strain of E. coli O157 under gut conditions. The addition of these compounds to human faecal slurries and in vitro continuous-flow fermenter models simulating conditions in the human colon and rumen caused marked decreases in the survival of an introduced strain of E. coli O157. When four calves were experimentally infected with E. coli O157 and fed Esculin, the pathogen was detected in five of twenty-eight (18 %) of faecal samples examined post-inoculation, compared with thirteen of thirty-five (37 %) of faecal samples examined from five control calves not fed Esculin.
CONCLUSIONS:
Coumarin compounds that occur naturally in dietary plants or when supplemented in the diet probably inhibit the survival of E. coli O157 in the gut.
Mol Med Rep . 2018 May;17(5):7395-7402.
Esculin ameliorates cognitive impairment in experimental diabetic nephropathy and induces anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects via the MAPK pathway[Pubmed: 29568860]
Abstract Esculin is a derivative of coumarin, which is also an active ingredient of ash bark, and has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti‑allergy and skin protective effects. The underlying mechanism and protective effects of Esculin on cognitive impairment in experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN) was investigated in the present study. Male C57BL/6J 6‑week‑old mice were injected intravenously with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 30 mg/kg). At 2 weeks after the STZ injection, mice received intravenous injection with 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg Esculin for 2 weeks. In the present study, the results of the Morris water maze test demonstrated that Esculin significantly improved behavior and recognition memory in STZ‑induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, treatment of STZ‑induced diabetic rats with Esculin significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin‑6, malondialdehyde, monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1 and intracellular adhesion molecule‑1 activity levels, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, in the kidney, which was determined by ELISA. In addition, Esculin treatment significantly suppressed the renal protein expression of activator protein 1, phosphorylated (p)‑p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p‑c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase, and increased p‑extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 protein expression, in STZ‑induced diabetic rats, as determined by western blotting. These results indicate that Esculin may ameliorate cognitive impairment in experimental DN, and exert anti‑oxidative stress and anti‑inflammatory effects, via the MAPK signaling pathway. Thus, it may serve as a potential target for cognitive impairment of DN in the future.
Esculin Description
Source: The peels of Aesculus hippocastanum L.
Solvent: DMSO, Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.
Storage: Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C).

Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.

Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com

After receiving: The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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Recently, ChemFaces products have been cited in many studies from excellent and top scientific journals

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Calculate Dilution Ratios(Only for Reference)
1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 2.9388 mL 14.6938 mL 29.3876 mL 58.7751 mL 73.4689 mL
5 mM 0.5878 mL 2.9388 mL 5.8775 mL 11.755 mL 14.6938 mL
10 mM 0.2939 mL 1.4694 mL 2.9388 mL 5.8775 mL 7.3469 mL
50 mM 0.0588 mL 0.2939 mL 0.5878 mL 1.1755 mL 1.4694 mL
100 mM 0.0294 mL 0.1469 mL 0.2939 mL 0.5878 mL 0.7347 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's need to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data of the sheet for your reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.
Protocol
Animal Research:
Mycotoxin Res. 2014 Feb;30(1):25-32.
Protective effect of esculin against prooxidant aflatoxin B1-induced nephrotoxicity in mice.[Pubmed: 24326591]
The study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Esculin against pro-oxidant aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced nephrotoxicity in mice.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study toxicity was developed by oral administration of AFB1 at a dose of 66.60 μg/kg bw/day for 90 days in male Swiss albino mice. Esculin (150 mg/kg bw/0.2 ml/day) and standard compound ascorbic acid (300 mg/kg bw/0.2 ml/day) was given after 30 min of AFB1 administration for 90 days. Protective efficacy was assessed by measuring the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and also by measuring activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in kidney. Results were analysed at the 30(th), 60(th) and 90(th) day of the daily treatments, which showed a decrease in the level of LPO and an increase in the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The protective effect of Esculin was further proved by histopathological findings as it exhibited regenerative activities in mice renal tubules against AFB1-induced nephrotoxicity.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results obtained clearly demonstrate that the protective efficacy of Esculin against pro-oxidant AFB1-induced nephrotoxicity in mice might be due to its antioxidants and free radical scavenging properties.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Nov;30(11):2052-7.
Inhibitory effect of natural coumarin compounds, esculetin and esculin, on oxidative DNA damage and formation of aberrant crypt foci and tumors induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rat colons.[Pubmed: 17978474]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
The effects of esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) and its 6-glycoside, Esculin, on 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) formation and carcinogenesis induced by a chemical carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), were examined in the colons of male Fischer 344 rats. Animals were given water containing esculetin or Esculin for 7 d before subcutaneous injection of DMH (20 mg/kg body wt), killed 24 h after DMH treatment, and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-oxodG in the colons were determined. Both esculetin and Esculin suppressed significantly the DMH-induced increases in 8-oxodG and TBARS in rat colon mucosa. We further investigated the modifying effect of Esculin intake on the development of DMH-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Animals were given DMH once a week for 4 weeks to induce ACF. They then received water containing Esculin ad libitum for 5 weeks (initiation phase) or 11 weeks after DMH treatment (post-initiation phase). Animals in the positive control group received tap water throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment (16 weeks), the ingestion of Esculin during the initiation phase significantly reduced the incidence of gross tumors, the number of ACF per rat and the mean number of AC per focus, while the Esculin treatment during the post-initiation phase significantly decreased only the number of ACF per rat.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that Esculin intake has an inhibitory effect on DMH-induced oxidative DNA damage and carcinogenesis in rat colons.
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