| Description: |
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol possesses anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti- nociceptive activity possibly via its down-regulating activity on NO production, which may be partly responsible for the pharmacological efficacy of several folkloric medicines. It exhibits beneficial effects in cerebral ischemic injury, has neuroprotective effect through upregulation of Nrf2, Prdx6, and PDI expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway. |
| In vitro: |
| Life Sci. 2013 Jul 19;93(1):44-50. | | 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol: a novel inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and growth.[Pubmed: 23743167] | The herbal compound 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA) is a pleiotropic agent, which has been shown to effectively inhibit the development of new blood vessels by targeting multiple mechanisms of the angiogenic process. Because angiogenesis is a major prerequisite for tumor growth, the aim of this study was to analyze for the first time, whether 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol may be used for anti-cancer therapy.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
CT26.WT colon carcinoma cells were exposed to different 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol doses to study their viability, migration, invasiveness and protein expression compared to vehicle-treated controls. Moreover, CT26.WT cell spheroids were transplanted into the dorsal skinfold chamber of 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol-treated and vehicle-treated BALB/c mice for the analysis of tumor vascularization and growth by means of repetitive intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. As shown by water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol treatment dose-dependently reduced the viability and integrity of the tumor cells. Moreover, phalloidin staining of 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol-treated cells revealed a disorganized cytoskeleton, which was associated with a decreased cellular migratory and invasive activity. Finally, 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol treatment inhibited the vascularization and growth of newly developing CT26.WT tumors in the mouse dorsal skinfold chamber model without affecting the normal behavior of the animals.
CONCLUSIONS:
These novel findings indicate that 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol represents a promising candidate for the establishment of anti-angiogenic treatment strategies in cancer therapy. | | J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Jan 31;139(2):549-57. | | Modulation of LPS-stimulated neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia by Gastrodia elata: 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is the bioactive candidate.[Pubmed: 22155394] | 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA) is a phenolic plant compound, which has been shown to influence many cellular mechanisms. In the present study, we analysed in vitro and in vivo the anti-angiogenic actions of this pleiotropic agent.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Migration and protein expression of 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol- and vehicle-treated endothelial-like eEND2 cells was assessed by cell migration assay and Western blot analyses. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol action on vascular sprouting was analysed in an aortic ring assay. In vivo anti-angiogenic actions of 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol were studied in the dorsal skinfold chamber model of endometriosis in mice. Western blot analyses demonstrated that 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol inhibited proliferation of eEND2 cells, as indicated by down-regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, and reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol suppressed the migration of eEND2 cells, accompanied by inhibition of actin filament reorganization, revealed by fluorescence staining of the cytoskeleton. In addition, 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol reduced vascular sprouting in the aortic ring assay. Finally, we found, in the dorsal skinfold chamber model in vivo using intravital fluorescence microscopy, that 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol inhibited the vascularization of developing endometriotic lesions, as indicated by a decreased functional capillary density of lesions in 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol-treated mice and a reduced lesion size, compared with control animals.
CONCLUSIONS:
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol targets several angiogenic mechanisms and therefore represents a promising anti-angiogenic agent for the treatment of angiogenic diseases, such as endometriosis. |
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| In vivo: |
| J Pharm Pharmacol. 2007 Sep;59(9):1235-40. | | Anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol.[Pubmed: 17883894 ] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA), one of the well-known phenolic compounds in diverse plants, displayed a significant inhibition in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis assay. HBA was shown to contain an anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced air pouch model in rats and acetic acid-induced permeability model in mice. Anti-nociceptive activity of HBA was also assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. HBA was able to suppress production of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. In the macrophages, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was diminished by HBA.
CONCLUSIONS:
Taken together, HBA possesses anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity possibly via its down-regulating activity on NO production, which may be partly responsible for the pharmacological efficacy of several folkloric medicines. |
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