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Adenine
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Product Name Adenine
Price: $30 / 20mg
CAS No.: 73-24-5
Catalog No.: CFN89041
Molecular Formula: C5H5N5
Molecular Weight: 135.13 g/mol
Purity: >=98%
Type of Compound: Alkaloids
Physical Desc.: Powder
Source: The seeds of Plantago depressa Wild.
Solvent: Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Download: COA    MSDS
Similar structural: Comparison (Web)  (SDF)
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Related Screening Libraries
Size /Price /Stock 10 mM * 100 uL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
Related Libraries
Biological Activity
Description: Adenine is a purine derivative and a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry. Adenine, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, can accelerate the diabetic wound healing by PPAR delta and angiogenic regulation; it also can increase the inhibitory activity of human interferon against encephalomyocarditis virus. Adenine can act as an efficient radiation-protecting agent at low concentration (2 micromol) and also inhibit cytostatic properties with regard to cancer cells at higher concentration.
Targets: AMPK | PPAR
In vitro:
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 Jul;30(1):192-5.
Potentiation by levamisole, methisoprinol, and adenine or adenosine of the inhibitory activity of human interferon against encephalomyocarditis virus.[Pubmed: 2428301 ]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
The antiviral action of different human interferons against encephalomyocarditis virus in HeLa cell cultures was analyzed. Cell treatment with levamisole (200 micrograms/ml), methisoprinol (1 mg/ml), or Adenine or adenosine (33 or 100 micrograms/ml, respectively) potentiated the anti-encephalomyocarditis virus activity of human interferon by 8- to 32-fold.
CONCLUSIONS:
A higher level of potentiation (256-fold) was achieved either by combined treatments with levamisole plus methisoprinol or by treatment with one of these compounds plus Adenine or adenosine.
Anticancer Res. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4B):3005-10.
Radiation-induced effect of adenine (vitamin B4) on mitomycin C activity. In vitro experiments.[Pubmed: 16886627]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
The radiation-induced biological behavior of Adenine (vitamin B4) was investigated in vitro under various conditions, implementing breast cancer cells (MCF-7 line) as a model. In aerated media (46% OH and 54% O2*-) at pH=7.4, Adenine at low concentration (2 micromol) acted as an efficient radiation-protecting agent. At higher concentration, however, it inhibited cytostatic properties with regard to cancer cells. This double-track activity is based on its chemical structure. Similar features of Adenine were also observed in air-free (46% OH, 44% e- aq, 10% H) as well as in media saturated with N2O (90% OH, 10% H), but with different efficiencies. In the presence of mitomycin C (MMC), Adenine retained its double-track behavior.
CONCLUSIONS:
Hence, Adenine and MMC compete for the e- aq, but the electronically excited Adenine molecules can transfer electrons to MMC, leading to the additional formation of active MMC-. By implementation of formate for the conversion of OH and H into the transient *COO-, which subsequently transfers electron to MMC, a highest efficiency of MMC- was obtained.
In vivo:
Eur J Pharmacol. 2017 Nov 21;818:569-577.
Adenine accelerated the diabetic wound healing by PPAR delta and angiogenic regulation.[Pubmed: 29162431 ]
Wound healing is one of the major complications of diabetes, and problems with wound healing in diabetics often lead to amputation and even death. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a protein involved in intracellular metabolism. Activated AMPK can reduce visceral fat and cholesterol synthesis and even inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis. Activation of AMPK has been widely used in the treatment of type II diabetes.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We applied an AMPK activator (Adenine) to human fibroblasts and to the wounds of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. We applied Adenine ointment to the wounds on 7 consecutive days and observed the healing status as well as activation of AMPK and angiogenic factors. Based on the appearance of the wounds, the results showed that after 7 days of treatment the wound area was smaller in the Adenine-treated group relative to the control group.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results for tissue protein expression showed that, compared to the control group, angiogenic related protein, PPARδ were increased and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) was decreased in the Adenine-treated group. Our studies indicate that Adenine has the potential to become a useful drug in the treatment of diabetic wound healing.
Adenine Description
Source: The seeds of Plantago depressa Wild.
Solvent: Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Storage: Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C).

Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.

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After receiving: The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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Recently, ChemFaces products have been cited in many studies from excellent and top scientific journals

Cell. 2018 Jan 11;172(1-2):249-261.e12.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.019.
IF=36.216(2019)

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Calculate Dilution Ratios(Only for Reference)
1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 7.4003 mL 37.0014 mL 74.0028 mL 148.0056 mL 185.007 mL
5 mM 1.4801 mL 7.4003 mL 14.8006 mL 29.6011 mL 37.0014 mL
10 mM 0.74 mL 3.7001 mL 7.4003 mL 14.8006 mL 18.5007 mL
50 mM 0.148 mL 0.74 mL 1.4801 mL 2.9601 mL 3.7001 mL
100 mM 0.074 mL 0.37 mL 0.74 mL 1.4801 mL 1.8501 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's need to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data of the sheet for your reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.
Protocol
Kinase Assay:
Science, 2000, 289(5480):782-5.
Role of adenine nucleotide translocator 1 in mtDNA maintenance.[Pubmed: 10926541]
Autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia is a rare human disease that shows a Mendelian inheritance pattern, but is characterized by large-scale mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We have identified two heterozygous missense mutations in the nuclear gene encoding the heart/skeletal muscle isoform of the Adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT1) in five families and one sporadic patient. The familial mutation substitutes a proline for a highly conserved alanine at position 114 in the ANT1 protein. The analogous mutation in yeast caused a respiratory defect.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results indicate that ANT has a role in mtDNA maintenance and that a mitochondrial disease can be caused by a dominant mechanism.
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