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Octyl Gallate
Octyl Gallate
ChemFaces products have been cited in many studies from excellent and top scientific journals
Product Name Octyl Gallate
Price: $40 / 20mg
CAS No.: 1034-01-1
Catalog No.: CFN93142
Molecular Formula: C15H22O5
Molecular Weight: 282.33 g/mol
Purity: >=98%
Type of Compound: Phenols
Physical Desc.: Powder
Source: From Rhus chinensis Mill.
Solvent: Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Download: COA    MSDS
Similar structural: Comparison
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According to end customer requirements, ChemFaces provide solvent format. This solvent format of product intended use: Signaling Inhibitors, Biological activities or Pharmacological activities.
Size /Price /Stock 10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / $8.9 / In-stock
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Related Screening Libraries
Size /Price /Stock 10 mM * 100 uL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
Related Libraries
Biological Activity
Description: Octyl Gallate is an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive. Octyl Gallate has anticancer, antimetastatic, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities, it shows an inhibitory effect on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in HEp-2 or Vero cells. Combination therapy with octyl gallate and ferulic acid improves cognition and neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Targets: CDK | p21 | ROS | NADPH-oxidase | HSV | ATPase | Beta Amyloid | Antifection
In vitro:
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2018 Jul;52(1):96-99.
Antioxidant-based synergistic eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms with bacitracin.[Pubmed: 29567095]
Biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have serious clinical implications. However, it is difficult to eradicate MRSA biofilms due to the increased tolerance to antimicrobials of biofilms.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, we investigated the synergistic anti-biofilm effect of the combination of Octyl Gallate (OG), an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive, and bacitracin, an antimicrobial peptide commonly used in topical antimicrobial ointments. The results of biofilm assays showed that OG enabled bacitracin at concentrations as low as 10-3 U/ml to inhibit biofilm formation in MRSA. A confocal microscopic analysis exhibited that the combination of bacitracin and OG suppressed biofilm formation in MRSA highly effectively compared to the single treatment of either bacitracin or OG. The synergistic anti-biofilm activity of bacitracin and OG was also confirmed in MRSA strains from humans, including USA300, which is the predominant clone of community-associated MRSA in the US.
CONCLUSIONS:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the synergistic anti-biofilm activity of an antimicrobial peptide and an antioxidant against MRSA.
Food Funct. 2017 Jul 19;8(7):2500-2511.
Octyl gallate, a food additive with potential beneficial properties to treat Helicobacter pylori infection.[Pubmed: 28640317 ]
Helicobacter pylori infection is marked by intense production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the activation of neutrophils that are constantly attracted to the infected gastric mucosa.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Here, gallic acid and its alkyl esters were evaluated as compounds able to act as antimicrobial agents and inhibitors of ROS released by H. pylori-activated neutrophils simultaneously. We found that the higher hydrophobicity caused by esterification of gallic acid led to a significant increase in its ability as a cytotoxic agent against H. pylori, a scavenger of ROS and an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils. Octyl Gallate, a widely used food additive, showed the highest antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 125 μg mL-1, whereas gallic acid had a MIC value higher than 1000 μg mL-1. The production of superoxide anion radicals was almost 100% abolished by the addition of 10 μM (2.82 μg mL-1) Octyl Gallate, whereas gallic acid inhibited around 20%. A similar tendency was also found when measuring the production of hypochlorous acid. The protective effect of the esters was cytochemically confirmed.
CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, this study showed that hydrophobicity is a crucial factor to obtain a significant anti-ROS and anti-H. pylori activity. Finally, it highlights Octyl Gallate, a food additive widely used in the food industry, as a promising molecule in the treatment of H. pylori infection.
Antiviral Res. 2007 Feb;73(2):85-91.
Antiviral effect of octyl gallate against DNA and RNA viruses.[Pubmed: 16950523]
The effects of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) and its alkyl esters on virus growth and virion infectivity were examined.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
All the compounds tested showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in HEp-2 or Vero cells. The antiviral activity of gallic acid alkyl esters was enhanced by increasing the number of carbon in the alkyl moieties of the compounds, reaching maximum at a carbon number of 12 (lauryl gallate), but both cytocidal activity and cytopathic effect of the compounds were also significantly increased simultaneously. Among these compounds, Octyl Gallate showed a marked antiviral effect with a relatively moderate cytotoxity. In addition, Octyl Gallate suppressed the multiplication of RNA viruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus and poliovirus.
CONCLUSIONS:
Quantitative characterization of the HSV-1 infection in the presence of Octyl Gallate revealed that: (1) this reagent can directly inactivate HSV-1 (virucidal activity), (2) it suppresses both the intracellar multiplication and the release of the virus, (3) it selectively accelerates death of the virus-infected cells and (4) the addition of the reagent even at 6-h post infection completely abolishes the formation of progeny virus in the infected cells.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2002 Dec 15;79(3):193-201.
Antifungal activity of octyl gallate.[Pubmed: 12371654]
Antifungal activities of propyl (C3), octyl (C8) and dodecyl (C12) gallates (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) were tested against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC7754 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC 60483.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Octyl Gallate was found to be the only active compound with the minimum fungicidal concentration of 25 microg/ml (89 microM) against S. cerevisiae and of 50 microg/ml (177 microM) against Z. bailii, respectively. The inactivation study showed that Octyl Gallate was fungicidal against both S. cerevisiae and Z. bailii at any stage of growth. These fungicidal activities were not influenced by pH values. Octyl Gallate at 100 microg /ml reduced plasma membrane fluidity to 48% of control. On the other hand, dodecyl gallate at the same concentration reduced it to 76% of control. Only Octyl Gallate inhibited glucose-induced medium acidification, indicating direct or indirect inhibition of plasma membrane H +-ATPase.
CONCLUSIONS:
The primary fungicidal activity of Octyl Gallate comes from its ability to act as a nonionic surface-active agent (surfactant), though it can not be inferred that membrane damage, such as a decrease in the membrane fluidity, is the only cause of the lethal effect.
In vivo:
Anticancer Drugs. 2017 Oct;28(9):977-988.
Solid lipid nanoparticles improve octyl gallate antimetastatic activity and ameliorate its renal and hepatic toxic effects.[Pubmed: 28746057 ]
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related death and requires the development of effective treatments with reduced toxicity and effective anticancer activity. Gallic acid derivatives have shown significant biological properties including antitumoral activity as shown in a previous study with Octyl Gallate (G8) in vitro. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the antimetastatic effect of free and solid lipid nanoparticle-loaded G8 in mice in a lung metastasis model.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Animals inoculated with melanoma cells presented metastasis in lungs, which was significantly inhibited by treatment with G8 and solid lipid nanoparticle-loaded G8, named G8-NVM. However, G8-treated mice showed an increase in several toxicological parameters, which were almost completely circumvented by G8-NVM treatment.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study supports the need for pharmacological studies on new potential medicinal plants to treat cancer and can provide new perspectives on using nanotechnology to improve biological activities while decreasing the chemotherapy toxicological effects of anticancer drugs.
Octyl Gallate Description
Source: From Rhus chinensis Mill.
Solvent: Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Storage: Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C).

Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.

Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com

After receiving: The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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Recently, ChemFaces products have been cited in many studies from excellent and top scientific journals

Cell. 2018 Jan 11;172(1-2):249-261.e12.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.019.
IF=36.216(2019)

PMID: 29328914

Cell Metab. 2020 Mar 3;31(3):534-548.e5.
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Calculate Dilution Ratios(Only for Reference)
1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 3.542 mL 17.7098 mL 35.4195 mL 70.8391 mL 88.5489 mL
5 mM 0.7084 mL 3.542 mL 7.0839 mL 14.1678 mL 17.7098 mL
10 mM 0.3542 mL 1.771 mL 3.542 mL 7.0839 mL 8.8549 mL
50 mM 0.0708 mL 0.3542 mL 0.7084 mL 1.4168 mL 1.771 mL
100 mM 0.0354 mL 0.1771 mL 0.3542 mL 0.7084 mL 0.8855 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's need to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data of the sheet for your reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.
Protocol
Kinase Assay:
Toxicol In Vitro. 2018 Apr;48:11-25.
Octyl gallate reduces ATP levels and Ki67 expression leading HepG2 cells to cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.[Pubmed: 29288082 ]
Octyl Gallate (OG) is an antioxidant that has shown anti-tumor, anti-diabetic and anti-amyloidogenic activities. Mitochondria play an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma, mainly by maintaining accelerated cellular proliferation through the production of ATP. Thus, the mitochondria may be a target for antitumor therapies.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Here, we investigated the effects of OG in the hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) and the mechanisms involved. We report, for the first time, that treatment with OG for 24h inhibited HepG2 cell growth by decreasing mitochondrial activity and mass, which led to the reduction of ATP levels. This reduction in the energy supply triggered a decrease in Ki67 protein expression, leading cells to cycle arrest. In addition, treatment with two doses of OG for 48h induced loss of mitochondrial functionality, mitochondrial swelling and apoptosis. Finally, we report that HepG2 cells had no resistance to treatment after multiple doses.
CONCLUSIONS:
Collectively, our findings indicate that metabolic dysregulation and Ki67 protein reduction are key events in the initial anti-proliferative action of OG, whereas mitochondrial swelling and apoptosis induction are involved in the action mechanism of OG after prolonged exposure. This suggests that OG targets mitochondria, thus representing a candidate for further research on therapies for hepatocarcinoma.
Cell Research:
Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Jul;103:1577-1584.
Octyl gallate and gallic acid isolated from Terminalia bellarica regulates normal cell cycle in human breast cancer cell lines.[Pubmed: 29864945]
Antifungal activities of propyl (C3), octyl (C8) and dodecyl (C12) gallates (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) were tested against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC7754 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC 60483.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Octyl Gallate was found to be the only active compound with the minimum fungicidal concentration of 25 microg/ml (89 microM) against S. cerevisiae and of 50 microg/ml (177 microM) against Z. bailii, respectively. The inactivation study showed that Octyl Gallate was fungicidal against both S. cerevisiae and Z. bailii at any stage of growth. These fungicidal activities were not influenced by pH values. Octyl Gallate at 100 microg /ml reduced plasma membrane fluidity to 48% of control. On the other hand, dodecyl gallate at the same concentration reduced it to 76% of control. Only Octyl Gallate inhibited glucose-induced medium acidification, indicating direct or indirect inhibition of plasma membrane H +-ATPase.
CONCLUSIONS:
The primary fungicidal activity of Octyl Gallate comes from its ability to act as a nonionic surface-active agent (surfactant), though it can not be inferred that membrane damage, such as a decrease in the membrane fluidity, is the only cause of the lethal effect.
Animal Research:
J Biol Chem. 2017 Jul 7;292(27):11310-11325.
Combination therapy with octyl gallate and ferulic acid improves cognition and neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.[Pubmed: 28512130 ]
To date, there is no effective Alzheimer's disease (AD)-modifying therapy. Nonetheless, combination therapy holds promise, and nutraceuticals (natural dietary compounds with therapeutic properties) and their synthetic derivatives are well-tolerated candidates. We tested whether combination therapy with Octyl Gallate (OG) and ferulic acid (FA) improves cognition and mitigates AD-like pathology in the presenilin-amyloid β-protein precursor (PSAPP) transgenic mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
One-year-old mice with established β-amyloid plaques received daily doses of OG and FA alone or in combination for 3 months. PSAPP mice receiving combination therapy had statistically significant improved cognitive function versus OG or FA single treatment on some (but not all) measures. We also observed additional statistically significant reductions in brain parenchymal and cerebral vascular β-amyloid deposits as well as brain amyloid β-protein abundance in OG- plus FA-treated versus singly-treated PSAPP mice. These effects coincided with enhanced nonamyloidogenic amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) cleavage, increased α-secretase activity, and β-secretase inhibition. We detected elevated expression of nonamyloidogenic soluble APP-α and the α-secretase candidate, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10. Correspondingly, amyloidogenic β-carboxyl-terminal APP fragment and β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 expression levels were reduced. In parallel, the ratio of β- to α-carboxyl-terminal APP fragment was decreased. OG and FA combination therapy strikingly attenuated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptotoxicity. Co-treatment afforded additional statistically significant benefits on some, but not all, of these outcome measures.
CONCLUSIONS:
Taken together, these data provide preclinical proof-of-concept for AD combination therapy.
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