| In vitro: |
| American Journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 01 Sep 2004, 287(3):G510-7。 | | L-Glutamine ameliorates acetaldehyde-induced increase in paracellular permeability in Caco-2 cell monolayer.[Reference: WebLink] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Role of L-Glutamine in the protection of intestinal epithelium from acetaldehyde-induced disruption of barrier function was evaluated in Caco-2 cell monolayer. L-Glutamine reduced the acetaldehyde-induced decrease in transepithelilal electrical resistance and increase in permeability to inulin and lipopolysaccharide in a time- and dose-dependent manner; d-glutamine, L-aspargine, L-arginine, L-lysine, or L-alanine produced no significant protection. The glutaminase inhibitor 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine failed to affect the L-Glutamine-mediated protection of barrier function. L-Glutamine reduced the acetaldehyde-induced redistribution of occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), E-cadherin, and beta-catenin from the intercellular junctions. Acetaldehyde dissociates occludin, ZO-1, E-cadherin, and beta-catenin from the actin cytoskeleton, and this effect was reduced by L-Glutamine. L-Glutamine induced a rapid increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptor, and the protective effect of L-Glutamine was prevented by AG1478, the EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results indicate that L-Glutamine prevents acetaldehyde-induced disruption of the tight junction and increase in the paracellular permeability in Caco-2 cell monolayer by an EGF receptor-dependent mechanism. | | Diabetologia, 1981, 63(2):112-118. | | The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release. IV. Ionic response to L-Leucine and L-Glutamine.[Reference: WebLink] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
L-Glutamine enhances insulin release evoked by L-leucine in isolated rat pancreatic islets. The enhancing action of L-Glutamine, which is a rapid but steadily increasing and not rapidly reversible phenomenon is not attributable to any major change in either K+ or Ca2+ outflow from the islet cells. It coincides with an apparent increase in Ca2+ inflow rate and, hence, with Ca accumulation in the islets. The initial ionic response to L-leucine is not qualitatively altered by the presence of L-Glutamine. In their combined capacity to stimulate 45Ca net uptake in the islets, L-Glutamine can be replaced by L-asparagine but not by L-glutamate, whereas L-leucine can be replaced by L-norvaline or L-isoleucine, but not by L-valine, glycine or L-lysine. Such a specificity is identical to that characterizing the effect of these various amino acids upon insulin release.
CONCLUSIONS:
It is postulated that the release of insulin evoked by the combination of L-leucine and L-Glutamine involves essentially the same remodelling of ionic fluxes as that evoked by other nutrient secretagogues with, however, an unusual time course for the functional response to L-Glutamine. |
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