Guanine | CAS:73-40-5 | Manufacturer ChemFaces

Guanine

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Size /Price /Stock	10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / $7.0 / In-stock
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Description:

Guanosine analogs have antiviral activities.

In vitro:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003,100(11):6646-6651.

Molecular basis for the immunostimulatory activity of guanine nucleoside analogs: activation of Toll-like receptor 7.[Reference: WebLink]

Certain C8-substituted and N7, C8-disubstituted Guanine ribonucleosides comprise a class of small molecules with immunostimulatory activity. In a variety of animal models, these agents stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses. The antiviral actions of these guanosine analogs have been attributed to their ability to induce type I IFNs. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the guanosine analogs potentiate immune responses are not known.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Here, we report that several guanosine analogs activate Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). 7-Thia-8-oxoguanosine, 7-deazaguanosine, and related guanosine analogs activated mouse immune cells in a manner analogous to known TLR ligands, inducing cytokine production in mouse splenocytes (IL-6 and IL-12, type I and II IFNs), bone marrow-derived macrophages (IL-6 and IL-12), and in human peripheral blood leukocytes (type I IFNs, tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-12). The guanosine congeners also up-regulated costimulatory molecules and MHC I/II in dendritic cells. Genetic complementation studies in human embryonic kidney 293 cells confirmed that the guanosine analogs activate cells exclusively via TLR7. The stimulation of TLR7 by the guanosine analogs in human cells appears to require endosomal maturation because inhibition of this process with chloroquine significantly reduced the downstream activation of NF-kappaB. However, TLR8 activation by R-848 and TLR2 activation by [S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2-RS)-propyl]-N-palmitoyl-R-Cys-S-Ser-Lys4-OH, trihydrochloride)] were not inhibited by chloroquine, whereas TLR9 activation by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides was abolished. In summary, we present evidence that guanosine analogs activate immune cells via TLR7 by a pathway that requires endosomal maturation.
CONCLUSIONS:
Thus, the B cell-stimulating and antiviral activities of the guanosine analogs may be explained by their TLR7-activating capacity.

In vivo:

N Engl J Med, 1997, 337(24):1720-1725.

The association of atopy with a gain-of-function mutation in the alpha subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor.[Reference: WebLink]

Atopic diseases are very common, and atopy has a strong genetic predisposition.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing, we searched for mutations in the a subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor that would predispose persons to atopy. We examined the prevalence of the alleles among patients with allergic inflammatory disorders and among 50 prospectively recruited adults. Subjects with atopy were identified on the basis of an elevated serum IgE level (> or = 95 IU per milliliter) or a positive radioimmunosorbent test in response to standard inhalant allergens. The signaling function of mutant interleukin-4 receptor a was examined by flow cytometry, binding assays, and immunoblotting.A novel interleukin-4 receptor alpha allele was identified in which Guanine was substituted for adenine at nucleotide 1902, causing a change from glutamine to arginine at position 576 (R576) in the cytoplasmic domain of the interleukin-4 receptor alpha protein. The R576 allele was common among patients with allergic inflammatory disorders (found in 3 of 3 patients with the hyper-IgE syndrome and 4 of 7 patients with severe atopic dermatitis) and among the 50 prospectively recruited adults (found in 13 of 20 subjects with atopy and 5 of 30 without atopy; P=0.001; relative risk of atopy among those with a mutant allele, 9.3).
CONCLUSIONS:
The R576 allele was associated with higher levels of expression of CD23 by interleukin-4 than the wild-type allele. This enhanced signaling was associated with a change in the binding specificity of the adjacent tyrosine residue at position 575 to signal-transducing molecules.The R576 allele of interleukin-4 receptor alpha is strongly associated with atopy. This mutation may predispose persons to allergic diseases by altering the signaling function of the receptor.

Guanine Description

Source:	From yeasts.
Solvent:	Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Storage:	Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C). Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com
After receiving:	The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.

CAS No.	73-40-5	Price	$30 / 20mg
Catalog No.	CFN70194	Purity	>=98%
Molecular Weight	151.1	Type of Compound	Alkaloids
Formula	C₅H₅N₅O	Physical Description	Powder
Download	COA MSDS	Similar structural	Comparison

Product Name	Guanine
CAS No.:	73-40-5
Catalog No.:	CFN70194
Molecular Formula:	C₅H₅N₅O
Molecular Weight:	151.1 g/mol
Purity:	>=98%
Type of Compound:	Alkaloids
Physical Desc.:	Powder
Source:	From yeasts.
Solvent:	Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Price:	$30 / 20mg

Size /Price /Stock	10 mM * 100 uL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock 10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
Related Libraries	Alkaloids Compound Library

	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	20 mg	25 mg
1 mM	6.6181 mL	33.0907 mL	66.1813 mL	132.3627 mL	165.4533 mL
5 mM	1.3236 mL	6.6181 mL	13.2363 mL	26.4725 mL	33.0907 mL
10 mM	0.6618 mL	3.3091 mL	6.6181 mL	13.2363 mL	16.5453 mL
50 mM	0.1324 mL	0.6618 mL	1.3236 mL	2.6473 mL	3.3091 mL
100 mM	0.0662 mL	0.3309 mL	0.6618 mL	1.3236 mL	1.6545 mL

CFN70323	Withanoside V	256520-90-8	766.9	C₄₀H₆₂O₁₄
CFN70110	Linolenic acid	463-40-1	278.4	C₁₈H₃₀O₂
CFN90925	Guanosine	118-00-3	283.2	C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₅
CFN00091	Propylamine	107-10-8	59.11	C₃H₉N