Thymidine | CAS:50-89-5 | Manufacturer ChemFaces

Thymidine

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According to end customer requirements, ChemFaces provide solvent format. This solvent format of product intended use: Signaling Inhibitors, Biological activities or Pharmacological activities.

Size /Price /Stock	10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / $8.9 / In-stock
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Description:

Thymidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the pyrimidine base thymine attached to the sugar deoxyribose. As a constituent of DNA, thymidine pairs with adenine in the DNA double helix. Thymidine could be a tracer in tumor cell examin. Thymidine overload due to Thymidine phosphorylase deficiency, and mitochondrial toxicity caused by antiviral Thymidine analogues.

Targets:

DNA/RNA Synthesis

In vitro:

J Nucl Med. 1993 May;34(5):773-9.

In vitro assessment of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, L-methionine and thymidine as agents to monitor the early response of a human adenocarcinoma cell line to radiotherapy.[Pubmed: 8478710]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
The tumor cell uptake of three tracers that can be labeled with isotopes suitable for PET imaging--FDG, L-methionine and Thymidine--were examined in vitro in a human ovarian carcinoma cell line (HTB77IP3) at varying times following 30 Gy 60Co irradiation and were compared to a nonirradiated control group. FDG, methionine and Thymidine uptake per tissue culture well all increased following irradiation when compared to basal values, although to a much lower extent than the increases in uptake seen in a nonirradiated group. This increase in tracer uptake occurred despite a 6.25-fold decline in viable cell numbers. When examined per cell, FDG uptake per cell increased 9.77-fold, methionine 7.82-fold and Thymidine 9.48-fold over basal levels from Day 0 to Day 12 following irradiation. Part of these increases may be due to giant cell formation and/or radiation repair processes that require energy, protein and DNA substrates.
CONCLUSIONS:
While the in vitro system differs from in vivo systems due to the absence of a blood supply in vitro, a lack of infiltrating leukocytes and other factors, our data suggest that early assessment of human adenocarcinoma response to radiotherapy by PET with these tracers may be complicated by this normal increase in tracer uptake postirradiation. Clearly, in this human cancer cell line, early radiation-induced cell death is not associated with an early decline in tumor cell uptake of FDG, methionine or Thymidine.

Thymidine Description

Source:	From Cordyceps sinensis.
Solvent:	DMSO, Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.
Storage:	Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C). Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com
After receiving:	The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.

Kinase Assay:

Biochemistry. 2014 Oct 7;53(39):6142-50.

Thymidine kinase 2 enzyme kinetics elucidate the mechanism of thymidine-induced mitochondrial DNA depletion.[Pubmed: 25215937]

Mitochondrial Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) is a nuclear gene-encoded protein, synthesized in the cytosol and subsequently translocated into the mitochondrial matrix, where it catalyzes the phosphorylation of Thymidine (dT) and deoxycytidine (dC). The kinetics of Thymidine phosphorylation exhibits negative cooperativity, but dC phosphorylation follows hyperbolic Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The two substrates compete with each other in that Thymidine is a competitive inhibitor of dC phosphorylation, while dC acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of Thymidine phosphorylation. In addition, TK2 is feedback inhibited by dTTP and dCTP. Thymidine kinase 2 also phosphorylates a number of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues used in antiviral and anticancer therapy and thus plays an important role in mitochondrial toxicities caused by nucleoside analogues. Deficiency in Thymidine kinase 2 activity due to genetic alterations causes devastating mitochondrial diseases, which are characterized by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion or multiple deletions in the affected tissues. Severe Thymidine kinase 2 deficiency is associated with early-onset fatal mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, while less severe deficiencies result in late-onset phenotypes.
CONCLUSIONS:
In this review, studies of the enzyme kinetic behavior of Thymidine kinase 2 enzyme variants are used to explain the mechanism of mtDNA depletion caused by Thymidine kinase 2 mutations, Thymidine overload due to Thymidine phosphorylase deficiency, and mitochondrial toxicity caused by antiviral Thymidine analogues.

Product Name	Thymidine
Price:	$30 / 20mg
CAS No.:	50-89-5
Catalog No.:	CFN98806
Molecular Formula:	C₁₀H₁₄N₂O₅
Molecular Weight:	242.2 g/mol
Purity:	>=98%
Type of Compound:	Alkaloids
Physical Desc.:	Powder
Source:	From Cordyceps sinensis.
Solvent:	DMSO, Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.
Download:	COA MSDS SDF Manual
Similar structural:	Comparison (Web) (SDF)
Guestbook:

Size /Price /Stock	10 mM * 100 uL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock 10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
Related Libraries	Tracers Compound Library Alkaloids Compound Library DNA/RNA Synthesis Inhibitor Library

	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	20 mg	25 mg
1 mM	4.1288 mL	20.6441 mL	41.2882 mL	82.5764 mL	103.2205 mL
5 mM	0.8258 mL	4.1288 mL	8.2576 mL	16.5153 mL	20.6441 mL
10 mM	0.4129 mL	2.0644 mL	4.1288 mL	8.2576 mL	10.322 mL
50 mM	0.0826 mL	0.4129 mL	0.8258 mL	1.6515 mL	2.0644 mL
100 mM	0.0413 mL	0.2064 mL	0.4129 mL	0.8258 mL	1.0322 mL

CFN99992	Indigo	482-89-3	262.26	C₁₆H₁₀N₂O₂
CFN90007	5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine	2353-33-5	228.21	C₈H₁₂N₄O₄
CFN92490	Cytidine	65-46-3	243.2	C₉H₁₃N₃O₅
CFN91543	2'-Deoxycytidine	951-77-9	227.2	C₉H₁₃N₃O₄
CFN90029	Histamine	51-45-6	111.15	C₅H₉N₃
CFN93091	L-carnosine	305-84-0	226.23	C₉H₁₄N₄O₃
CFN90094	2'',3''-Di-O-acetyl-5''-deoxy-5-fuluro-D-cytidine	161599-46-8	329.28	C₁₃H₁₆FN₃O₆
CFN90095	5'-Deoxy-5-fluoro-N-[(pentyloxy)carbonyl]cytidine 2',3'-diacetate	162204-20-8	443.42	C₁₉H₂₆FN₃O₈
CFN97132	Uracil	66-22-8	112.1	C₄H₄N₂O₂
CFN97000	Uridine	58-96-8	244.2	C₉H₁₂N₂O₆