Natural Products
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| Source: | The herb of Carex humilis Leyss |
| Biological Activity or Inhibitors: | 1. Kobophenol A has antimicrobial activity. 2. Kobophenol A inhibits AChE activity in a dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 values of Kobophenol A is 115.8mM. 3. Kobophenol A has a protective effect against NO-mediated osteoblast apoptosis and might be a candidate for treatment of inflammatory bone diseases relevant to osteoblast cell death. 4. Kobophenol A has protective effect against nitrosative/oxidative or mitochondrial damages resulted in the inhibition of the ROS, intracellular calcium ion level, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential changes on SH-SY5Y cells. |
| Solvent: | DMSO, Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc. |
| Storage: | Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C). Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com |
| After receiving: | The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling. |
Cell. 2018 Jan 11;172(1-2):249-261.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.019.PMID: 29328914
Mol Cell. 2017 Nov 16;68(4):673-685.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.10.022.PMID: 29149595
Scientific Reports 2017 Dec 11;7(1):17332.doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17427-6.PMID: 29230013
Molecules. 2017 Oct 27;22(11). pii: E1829.doi: 10.3390/molecules22111829.PMID: 29077044
J Cell Biochem. 2018 Feb;119(2):2231-2239.doi: 10.1002/jcb.26385. PMID: 28857247
Phytomedicine. 2018 Feb 1;40:37-47. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.030PMID: 29496173| 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 20 mg | 25 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.0811 mL | 5.4054 mL | 10.8108 mL | 21.6216 mL | 27.027 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2162 mL | 1.0811 mL | 2.1622 mL | 4.3243 mL | 5.4054 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1081 mL | 0.5405 mL | 1.0811 mL | 2.1622 mL | 2.7027 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.0216 mL | 0.1081 mL | 0.2162 mL | 0.4324 mL | 0.5405 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0108 mL | 0.0541 mL | 0.1081 mL | 0.2162 mL | 0.2703 mL |
| Citation [1] Int Immunopharmacol. 2013 Nov;17(3):704-13. | Kobophenol A enhances proliferation of human osteoblast-like cells with activation of the p38 pathway.[Pubmed: 24021754] |
| This study investigated the effects of Kobophenol A on the proliferation in human osteoblast cells. Kobophenol A stimulated the proliferation of osteoblast cells by the increases in DNA synthesis and the enhancement of cell cycle progression. Kobophenol A stimulation induced the expression of the cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Treatment of osteoblast cells with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 significantly inhibited Kobophenol A-enhanced proliferation. In addition, Kobophenol A induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Treatment of osteoblast cells with Kobophenol A resulted in improvement of ROS scavenging activity. Moreover, Kobophenol A treatment up-regulated the Bcl-2 level, but down-regulated the level of Bax expression. We also demonstrate that Kobophenol A increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 2 days. Taken together, the results of this study reveal that Kobophenol A has proliferative effects and enhances ALP activity in osteoblast cells and these findings provide insights into the development of a therapeutic approach of Kobophenol A in the prevention of osteoporosis and other bone disorders. | |
| Citation [2] Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2014;62(7):713-8. Epub 2014 Apr 24. | Kobophenol A inhibits sodium nitroprusside-induced cardiac H9c2 cell death through suppressing activation of JNK and preserving mitochondrial anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Mcl-1.[Pubmed: 24759620] |
| We tested the protective potential of Kobophenol A (Kob A), purified from the root of Caragana sinica, against the toxic effects of SNP. The severe cardiac H9c2 cell death was induced by SNP (2 mM) treatment. Kobophenol A ameliorated SNP-induced cardiac H9c2 cell death, and this protective effect of Kobophenol A may be related to the inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation following SNP administration. In addition, the downregulation of cellular Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 levels by SNP exposure was strongly abrogated in the presence of Kobophenol A. These biological properties of Kobophenol A might provide insights into developing new cardioprotectant against SNP-induced cardiac cell death. | |
| Citation [3] Int Immunopharmacol. 2011 Sep;11(9):1251-9. | Protective effect of kobophenol A on nitric oxide-induced cell apoptosis in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells: involvement of JNK, NF-κB and AP-1 pathways.[Pubmed: 21511059] |
| We investigated the influence of Kobophenol A (kob A) on apoptosis in cultured human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. Direct NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) that has been recognized as an inducer of apoptosis in various cell lines significantly induced cell death and NO production in MG-63 cells. Coincubation of Kobophenol A in SNP-treated MG-63 cells resulted in a significant protection against NO-induced cell death. This is associated with increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity and the inhibition of decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by Kobophenol A. We also found that Kobophenol A inhibited the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L), whereas the level of Bax expression was decreased by Kobophenol A treatment in SNP-treated MG-63 cells. Furthermore, Kobophenol A inhibited SNP-induced phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun, and SNP-induced reduction in NF-κΒ and AP-1 activities, implicating that protective effect of Kobophenol A may occur through the regulation of JNK, NF-κΒ and AP-1 signaling pathways. Together, these findings suggest that Kobophenol A has a protective effect against NO-mediated osteoblast apoptosis and might be a plausible candidate for treatment of inflammatory bone diseases relevant to osteoblast cell death. | |
| Citation [4] Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Apr 1;17(7):1879-82. Epub 2007 Jan 27. | Neuroprotective effects of kobophenol A against the withdrawal of tropic support, nitrosative stress, and mitochondrial damage in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.[Pubmed: 17300930] |
| This study examined the neuroprotective effects of Kobophenol A (kob A), oligomeric stillbene, and a resveratrol tetramer. Neuronal death induced by the withdrawal of tropic support was ameliorated by Kobophenol A. The protective effect of Kobophenol A against nitrosative/oxidative or mitochondrial damages resulted in the inhibition of the ROS, intracellular calcium ion level, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential changes on SH-SY5Y cells. | |
| Citation [5] Chem Biodivers. 2005 Apr;2(4):506-9. | Formation of a new oxidative metabolite from kobophenol A by human intestinal bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae.[Pubmed: 17191999] |
| During our studies on the metabolism of Kobophenol A (1) in rats, we had isolated, purified, and identified the main new oxidative metabolite of 1, koboquinone A (2) from rats' feces. To elucidate the metabolic pathway of Kobophenol A in rats, we conducted the in vitro metabolic experiments of Kobophenol A by human intestinal bacteria and found that Klebsiella pneumoniae produced appreciable amounts of 2. This was verified by means of high performance liquid chromatography mass/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) analysis. |
