| In vitro: |
| Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2013 Oct;6(10):1128-39. | | Acacetin inhibits in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis and downregulates Stat signaling and VEGF expression.[Pubmed: 23943785] | Angiogenesis is an effective target in cancer control. The antiangiogenic efficacy and associated mechanisms of Acacetin, a plant flavone, are poorly known.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In the present study, Acacetin inhibited growth and survival (up to 92%; P < 0.001), and capillary-like tube formation on Matrigel (up to 98%; P < 0.001) by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in regular condition, as well as VEGF-induced and tumor cells conditioned medium-stimulated growth conditions. It caused retraction and disintegration of preformed capillary networks (up to 91%; P < 0.001). HUVEC migration and invasion were suppressed by 68% to 100% (P < 0.001). Acacetin inhibited Stat-1 (Tyr701) and Stat-3 (Tyr705) phosphorylation, and downregulated proangiogenic factors including VEGF, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in HUVEC. It also suppressed nuclear localization of pStat-3 (Tyr705). Acacetin strongly inhibited capillary sprouting and networking from rat aortic rings and fertilized chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM; ∼71%; P < 0.001). Furthermore, it suppressed angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs implanted in Swiss albino mice. Acacetin also inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat-1 and -3, and expression of VEGF in cancer cells.
CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, Acacetin inhibits Stat signaling and suppresses angiogenesis in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo, and therefore, it could be a potential agent to inhibit tumor angiogenesis and growth. | | J Cell Mol Med. 2015 Aug;19(8):1910-5. | | Acacetin inhibits expression of matrix metalloproteinases via a MAPK-dependent mechanism in fibroblast-like synoviocytes.[Pubmed: 25856795] | It is well known that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune joint disease in which fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play a pivotal role.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, we investigated the anti-arthritic properties of Acacetin in FLSs. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13 were investigated by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot at gene and protein levels. At the same time, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) was investigated. The DNA-binding activity of NF-κB was investigated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. We found that Acacetin inhibits p38 and JNK phosphorylation and reduces MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13 expression in interleukin-1β-induced FLSs.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that Acacetin has antiarthritic effects in FLSs. Thus, Acacetin should be further studied for the treatment of arthritis. | | Circulation. 2008 May 13;117(19):2449-57. | | Acacetin, a natural flavone, selectively inhibits human atrial repolarization potassium currents and prevents atrial fibrillation in dogs.[Pubmed: 18458165 ] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The effects of Acacetin on human atrial ultrarapid delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(Kur)) and other cardiac ionic currents were studied with a whole-cell patch technique. Acacetin suppressed I(Kur) and the transient outward K(+) current (IC(50) 3.2 and 9.2 mumol/L, respectively) and prolonged action potential duration in human atrial myocytes. The compound blocked the acetylcholine-activated K(+) current; however, it had no effect on the Na(+) current, L-type Ca(2+) current, or inward-rectifier K(+) current in guinea pig cardiac myocytes. Although Acacetin caused a weak reduction in the hERG and hKCNQ1/hKCNE1 channels stably expressed in HEK 293 cells, it did not prolong the corrected QT interval in rabbit hearts. In anesthetized dogs, Acacetin (5 mg/kg) prolonged the atrial effective refractory period in both the right and left atria 1 to 4 hours after intraduodenal administration without prolongation of the corrected QT interval, whereas sotalol at 5 mg/kg prolonged both the atrial effective refractory period and the corrected QT interval. Acacetin prevented AF induction at doses of 2.5 mg/kg (50%), 5 mg/kg (85.7%), and 10 mg/kg (85.7%). Sotalol 5 mg/kg also prevented AF induction (60%).
CONCLUSIONS:
The present study demonstrates that the natural compound Acacetin is an atrium-selective agent that prolongs the atrial effective refractory period without prolonging the corrected QT interval and effectively prevents AF in anesthetized dogs after intraduodenal administration. These results indicate that oral Acacetin is a promising atrium-selective agent for the treatment of AF. | | Sci Rep . 2018 Jul 26;8(1):11255. | | Flavonoids inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis and autophagy through downregulation of PI3Kγ mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/ULK signaling pathway in human breast cancer cells[Pubmed: 30050147] | | Abstract
Anticancer activities of flavonoids derived from Tephroseris kirilowii (Turcz.) Holub. were evaluated in human cancer cells. We isolated and identified, for the first time, eight flavonoids from T. kirilowii and found that three of them (IH: isorhamnetin, GN: genkwanin, and Aca: Acacetin) inhibited cell proliferation in a variety of human cancer cell lines. These active flavonoids caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis and autophagy in human breast cancer cells. Molecular docking revealed that these flavonoids dock in the ATP binding pocket of PI3Kγ. Importantly, treatment with these flavonoids decreased the levels of PI3Kγ-p110, phospho-PI3K, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6K, and phospho-ULK. Pretreatment with PI3Kγ specific inhibitor AS605240 potentiated flavonoids-mediated inactivation of AKT, mTOR, p70S6K, ULK, and apoptosis. Taken together, these findings represent a novel mechanism by which downregulation of PI3Kγ-p110 and consequent interruption of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/ULK signaling pathway might play a critical functional role in these flavonoids-induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, apoptosis, and autophagy. Our studies provide novel insights into the anticancer activities of selected flavonoids and their potential uses in anticancer therapy. |
|
| In vivo: |
| PLoS One. 2014 Feb 10;9(2):e88644. | | Acacetin inhibits glutamate release and prevents kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats.[Pubmed: 24520409] | An excessive release of glutamate is considered to be a molecular mechanism associated with several neurological diseases that causes neuronal damage. Therefore, searching for compounds that reduce glutamate neurotoxicity is necessary.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, the possibility that the natural flavone Acacetin derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn is a neuroprotective agent was investigated. The effect of Acacetin on endogenous glutamate release in rat hippocampal nerve terminals (synaptosomes) was also investigated. The results indicated that Acacetin inhibited depolarization-evoked glutamate release and cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]C) in the hippocampal nerve terminals. However, Acacetin did not alter synaptosomal membrane potential. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of Acacetin on evoked glutamate release was prevented by the Cav2.2 (N-type) and Cav2.1 (P/Q-type) channel blocker known as ω-conotoxin MVIIC. In a kainic acid (KA) rat model, an animal model used for excitotoxic neurodegeneration experiments, Acacetin (10 or 50 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally to the rats 30 min before the KA (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection, and subsequently induced the attenuation of KA-induced neuronal cell death and microglia activation in the CA3 region of the hippocampus.
CONCLUSIONS:
The present study demonstrates that the natural compound, Acacetin, inhibits glutamate release from hippocampal synaptosomes by attenuating voltage-dependent Ca(2+) entry and effectively prevents KA-induced in vivo excitotoxicity. Collectively, these data suggest that Acacetin has the therapeutic potential for treating neurological diseases associated with excitotoxicity. |
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